Obstetrics vs Gynecology: What’s the Difference?

When it comes to women’s healthcare, the terms “obstetrics” and “gynecology” are often mentioned together — but they’re not one and the same. While both of these medical specialties focus on the health of the female reproductive system, each has its own scope and expertise.

In this blog post, we'll explain what obstetricians and gynecologists specialize in and how a career as an OB/GYN offers a unique opportunity to provide comprehensive care throughout a woman’s life.

What’s the Difference Between Obstetrics and Gynecology​?

While obstetrics and gynecology are closely related fields, they serve different purposes and have distinct areas of expertise. 

What is Obstetrics?

Obstetrics is the branch of medicine concerning pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. This field encompasses a wide range of medical practices and procedures aimed at ensuring the health and safety of both the mother and the developing fetus throughout the various stages of pregnancy. 

Obstetricians do not typically provide medical care beyond the scope of pregnancy and childbirth.

What is Gynecology?

Gynecology focuses on the overall reproductive health and well-being of women throughout their lives. Gynecologists are trained to diagnose and treat reproductive conditions such as menstrual disorders and infertility, provide routine preventive care such as annual pelvic exams, and offer guidance on contraception, family planning, and more. 

Gynecologists do not deliver babies; their expertise lies in ensuring women receive the right care that addresses their unique reproductive needs at different life stages.

What Does an Obstetrician Do?

An obstetrician is a physician who supports women through their pregnancies. They are trained to manage complications that may arise during pregnancy and labor, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal distress.

From the early stages of prenatal care to postpartum recovery, they will conduct routine prenatal exams and screenings, perform ultrasounds, deliver babies, and more.

Services Provided

Obstetricians provide a range of essential services during pregnancy, including:

• Fetal ultrasounds — Imaging tests to assess fetal development and detect any potential issues.
• Fetal nonstress testing (NST) — Tests to measure fetal heart rate and well-being.
• Labor and delivery — Managing labor and delivery, including any complications that may arise during childbirth.
• Labor induction — Medical procedures to stimulate labor when necessary for the health of the mother and/or baby.
• Cesarean sections — Surgical deliveries performed when vaginal birth is not possible or safe.
• Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) — Support and management for women who wish to attempt a vaginal delivery after previously having a C-section.

What Does a Gynecologist Do?

A gynecologist is a medical doctor who specializes in reproductive healthcare. They diagnose and treat conditions related to the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, and cervix. They can also support women with birth control, menopause management, Pap smears, and more.

Services Provided

Gynecologists offer a variety of procedures and treatments to diagnose and manage a wide range of conditions, including:

• Routine examinations — Regular pelvic exams and Pap tests to screen for cervical cancer and other health issues.
• Laparoscopy and robotic surgery — Minimally invasive techniques used for diagnostics and treatment.
• Ovarian mass evaluation — Tests to determine the cause and seriousness of growths on the ovaries.
• Hysteroscopy — A procedure used to diagnose and treat uterine conditions.
• Menstrual disorder management — Diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as irregular periods, heavy bleeding, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Gynecologists can also provide support with evaluation and management of infertility issues, including ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies.

What About an OB/GYN?

An OB/GYN is a medical professional trained in both obstetrics and gynecology. This dual expertise allows them to care for patients throughout all stages of life — from routine reproductive health checkups to pregnancy and beyond. 

Many physicians choose to become OB/GYNs to offer more comprehensive, continuous care to their patients. Their extensive medical school education and training enable them to deliver comprehensive care that addresses both the physical and emotional aspects of women's health.

OB/GYNs play a crucial role in educating their patients about reproductive health, family planning, and preventive care. They often address concerns related to sexual health, fertility, and hormonal changes throughout a woman's life. By fostering a trusting relationship with their patients, OB/GYNs can offer personalized care that considers each individual's unique circumstances and health history.

Pursuing a Career in Obstetrics and Gynecology with Trinity School of Medicine

If you are passionate about women’s health and want to make a meaningful difference in people’s lives, a career in obstetrics, gynecology, or as an OB/GYN could be the perfect fit. Trinity School of Medicine offers a dynamic and supportive learning environment where you can gain the skills needed to succeed in this rewarding field.

Along with our Dean and Associate Dean of Clinical Sciences, who are both practicing gynecologic oncologists, our expert faculty and hands-on training will help you take the next step towards a fulfilling career in women's health. Contact us to get started or apply today.